Resource Nationalism in Its Third Wave: Challenges and Protection for China’s Overseas Interests
Zhou Guangjun & Wang Xueman
The third wave of “resource nationalism” reflects the growing politicization of critical minerals amid global energy transition. As nations tighten control over strategic resources in the name of security and sustainability, China faces mounting challenges in safeguarding supply chains and sustaining its green transition. Through diversification, technological advancement, and engagement in ESG rule-making, China seeks to safeguard its supply chains and strengthen its influence in shaping a more equitable global resource order.
China’s Sea Lines of Communication Security: A Perspective from a Holistic Approach to National Security
Wang Xu
Amid the turbulence of once-in-a-century global changes, economic conflicts and geopolitical confrontations are reshaping major-power relations, and the security of China’s sea lines of communication (SLOCs) is deteriorating. Heightened great-power competition has become a principal threat to China’s SLOCs. The analysis of China’s SLOCs security from the perspective of a holistic approach to national security has emerged as a critical contemporary issue, both for clarifying the strategic significance of safeguarding China’s SLOCs security and for coping with related risks and challenges.
Global AI Governance: Overview, Key Challenges and China’s Approach
Cai Cuihong
Global AI governance is undergoing rapid evolution, yet the current landscape presents four main challenges: regulatory fragmentation, capacity gaps and resource monopolization, governance lag amid rapid technological change, and intensifying value-based conflicts. In response, China has put forward an alternative framework that treats AI as an international public good. Its strategy focuses on balancing security with development, fostering inclusive technology ecosystems, strengthening South-South cooperation, and innovating institutional practices.
Global Deep-Sea Competition: Emerging Trends, Strategic Implications, and Governance Challenges
Li Xuewei & Yu Zongyao
Amidst unprecedented global transformations in a hundred years, the deep sea has emerged as a critical area of international competition, which is closely related to the gap between technological progress and the deep-sea governance level, divergent views on international maritime norms, and major-power geopolitical rivalry. The ongoing intensification of global deep-sea competition will inevitably constrain international cooperation and undermine efforts to achieve a fair, reasonable, and orderly deep-sea order. Therefore, deep-sea governance has become an urgent global issue.
The Dilemma of Multilateralism in Global Governance and Its Remedies
Zhao Qinghai
Multilateralism is the inevitable choice for global governance, for the latter involves multiple stakeholders, the organizational coordination of multilateral mechanisms and collective consultations. But it currently faces numerous challenges, such as intensifying great power competition, the resurgence of unilateralism and protectionism, and so on. The international community should promote genuine multilateralism by embracing inclusive and pluralistic values, adhering to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, strengthening the UN-centered global governance system, and enhancing the influences of the Global South.
Japan’s Global South Strategy: Policy Practice and Its Limitations
Zhu Haiyan